手术减重装置
胃束带系统Lap-band和Realize束带在21世纪初被批准用于BMI为40kg/m2的患者和BM30kg/m2且有一种或多种与肥胖有关的并发症的患者。然而,Realize束带在几年前已被停止使用。
2015年,提供可逆性间歇性腹腔迷走神经阻滞的Maestro可充电系统被批准用于BMI至少为40kg/m2或BMI为35 kg/m2但有一种或多种肥胖相关合并症的患者。虽然关键的ReCharge试验错过了其主要疗效终点,但考虑到报告的严重不良率相对较低,该设备得到了FDA顾问小组的好评。
内窥镜减重装置
在过去的2年中,共有3个内窥镜减重设装置获得批准。它们分别是Orbera IGB(以前称为BioEnterics),ReShape Duo气球和Obalon气球。它们适用于BMI范围为30-40kg /m2的患者,最长持续时间为6个月。
IGBs是旨在充当人造占据空间的“胃结石”,通过胃扩张产生饱腹感并减少胃排空。Orbera是一种盐水填充的球形有机硅弹性体气囊,潜在体积为400-700 mL。在获得FDA批准之前,已经被在除美国之外的国家广泛研究了很久。
ReShape Duo胃内双球囊系统是双气囊植入物,其设计提供增强的胃间隙填充,同时能减少肠道转位的风险。与Orbera气球相比,ReShape Duo是一款相对较新的设备,有关疗效和安全性的临床数据都更少。
Obalon球囊系统是可显著减轻体重的一种充气的可吞咽内置胃气球。最近,FDA在几次相关的意外死亡的报道之后,向医疗保健提供者发出了警告。虽然有些患者同时有着胃或食道穿孔,但根本原因无法归咎于这些。上市后与液体充气球囊系统相关的向FDA报告的事件是自发性过度充气和急性胰腺炎。该机构建议在使用这些装置中,应密切监测患者。
另一种新的被FDA批准的减肥装置是AspireAssist设备,包含内窥镜下放置30Fr胃造口管道和一个外部装置以便于饭后20分钟的胃引流。
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