下面三个技术(VISTA/CUBE/SPACE)摘自懋氏百科全书,后面两个的中文是我瞎翻译的: VISTA(3D VIEW):volume isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition各向同性快速自旋回波容积采集(Philips) CUBE:3D fast spin echo with an extended echo train acquisition长回波链3D快速自旋回波采集(GE) SPACE:sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution最优可变翻转角改善对比完美采样(Siemens)
梯度回波
GRE:gradient recalled echo梯度回波(GE) FFE:fast field echo快速场回波(Philips) GE:gradient echo梯度回波(Siemens) TFE:turbo field echo超快速场回波 FISP:fast imaging with steady-state precession稳态进动快速成像(Siemens) PSIF(Siemens):采集刺激回波的GRE序列;在时序上与FISP相反遂命名为PSIF(Philips为T2-FFE;GE为CE-GRASS:contrast enhanced GRASS) DESS:dual spin steady state双回波稳态进动(Siemens独有3D序列,显示软骨优势;同时采集FISP信号和PSIF信号) MEDIC:multiple echo data image combination多回波数据合并成像(Siemens) MERGE:multiple echo recalled gradient echo多回波梯度回波 (GE 2D) COSMIC:coherent oscillatory state acquisition for the manipulation imaging contrast连续振荡状态采集操控成像对比(GE 3D多回波合并成像) mFFE(Philips多回波):multiple fast field echo SWI:susceptibility weighted imaging磁敏感加权成像 QSM:quantitative susceptibility mapping定量磁化率成像 SSFP:steady state free precession普通稳态自由进动(GE的GRE、Fast GRE均属该类型;西门子为FISP;在飞利浦上称为conventional FFE) Balance-SSFP:balance steady state free precession平衡式稳态自由进动(Philips) FIESTA:fast imaging employing steady state acquisition稳态采集快速成像(GE) FIESTA-C:FIESTA-cycled phases双激发稳态采集快速成像(GE) True FISP:true fast imaging with steady state precession真稳态自由进动快速成像(Siemens) CISS:constructive interference in the steady state稳态进动结构相干(双激发) B-FFE:balance fast field echo平衡式快速场回波(Philips)
TRANCE:triggered angiography non-contrast enhanced触发血管造影非对比增强(Philips; Siemens为 Native truefisp; GE为IFIR: InFlow Inversion Recovery) QISS:Quiescent-Interval Single-Shot MR血管造影-静态间隔单次激发成像是一种用于外周MRA的非增强MRA技术(Siemens)。 REACT:Relaxation-EnhancedMR Angiography without Contrast and Triggering非打药非触发的驰豫增强血管成像
MP-FGRE:magnetization prepared fast gradient recalled echo磁化准备快速梯度回波(GE为FIRM /2D Fast GRE with IR-PREP/3D Fast GRE with IR-PREP/Fast GRE with DE-PREP、西门子FLASH/Turbo FLASH/MP-RAGE、飞利浦的MP-RAGE称为超快速场回波TFE) IR-FGRE:inversion recovery fast GRE反转恢复快速梯度回波(多用于心脏首过灌注及延迟扫描) SR-FGRE:saturation recovery fast GRE饱和恢复快速梯度回波(更多用于心脏灌注) MDE:myocardial delayed enhancement心肌延迟增强 PSMDE:phase sensitive myocardial delayed enhancement相位敏感心肌延迟增强
SPGR(FSPGR):spoiled gradient recalled echo扰相梯度回波/快速扰相梯度回波 FLASH:fast low angle shot快速小角度激发 FAME:fast acquisition with multiphase enhanced fast GRE快速采集多期增强快速梯度回波 LAVA/LAVA XV/ LAVA FLEX:liver acquisition with volume acceleration肝脏容积加速采集(GE) DISCO:differential subsampling with Cartesian ordering超快速动态增强成像序列(GE) VIBE/StarVIBE/DIXON-VIBE:volumetric interpolated body examination梯度回波容积内插体部检查/volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination梯度回波容积内插屏息检查(Siemens) THRIVE/mDIXON FFE XD:T1 high resolution isotropic volume excitationT1高分辨率各向同性容积激发(Philips)
PRESTO:principles of echo shifting with a train of observations回波位移技术(Philips)
GRASE:gradient and spin echo自旋回波与梯度回波结合/实际是FSE与EPI的结合(Philips;Siemens为TGSE:turbo gradient spin echo/GE为GSE:gradient and spin echo) GRASS:gradient recalled acquisition in steady state稳态梯度回波采集 MPGR:multi-planer gradient echo多平面梯度回波 FID:free induction decay自由感应衰减
脂肪
FS:fat saturation脂肪饱和 STIR:Short TI Inversion Recovery 短时翻转恢复序列 SPAIR:Spectral Attenuated Inversion Recovery 频率衰减翻转恢复序列 SPIR:Spectral presaturation with Inversion Recovery 频率选择预饱和序列 CHESS:chemical shift selective saturation化学位移选择饱和法 SPECIAL:spectral inversion at lipids脂质频率选择反转(GE;同Philips-SPIR) PROSET:principle of selective excitation technique选择性水激发技术 DIXON:经典两点法水脂分离 mDIXON:modified DIXON改良版DIXON IDEAL:iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetric andleast-squares estimation非对称回波三点法水脂分离 IDEA-IQ:IDEAL Quantitative FAT/R2* Imaging T2*修正梯度多回波水脂分析脂肪定量技术(Philips为mDixon Quant/Siemens为Liver Lab)
PROPELLER:periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction螺旋桨技术(GE-PROPELLER/SIMENS- BLADE/PHILPS- MultiVane)
MSDE:motion sensitized driven equilibrium运动敏感驱动平衡(Philips;一种黑血技术) DANTE:delays alternating with nutation for tailored excitation延迟进动定制激发(一种黑血技术) SNAP :simultaneous non-contrast angiography and intra plaque hemorrhage同步非对比剂血管成像和斑块内出血成像
TIA:transient ischemic attack短暂性脑缺血发作 DSC:dynamic susceptibility contrast动态磁化率对比(基于T2*) DCE:dynamic contrast enhancement动态对比增强(基于T1) TTP:time to peak达峰时间 MTT:mean transit time平均通过时间 CBF:cerebral blood flow脑血流量(CBF=CBV/MTT) CBV:cerebral blood volume脑血容量 ATT:arterial transit times动脉通过时间 PS:permeability-surface area product表面通透性 Tmax:time to top对比剂达到所有组织的时间 TDC:time density curve时间密度曲线 CCR:cerebral circulation reserve脑循环储备 PLD:post label delays标记后延迟时间
波谱
MRS:magnetic resonance spectroscopy磁共振波谱 PRESS:point resolved spectroscopy点分辨波谱(PRESS中所用的回波时间较长,便于更好的显示弛豫时间较长的代谢物。PRESS对运动、弥散和量子效应的敏感性较低,SNR优于刺激回波采集法STEAM) STEAM:Stimulates echo acquisition mode刺激回波采集模式 CSI:chemical shift imaging化学位移成像 FWHM:full width at half maximum半高全宽 PPM:part per million百万分之一(百万分之一的共振频率。脂肪和水的共振频率相隔大约3.5ppm,这大约相当于1.5T磁场中的225Hz与3T磁场中的450Hz的绝对频率差异。) IP:in phase同相位 OP:out of phase反相位
方位
AX:axial view轴位 OAX:oblique axial view斜轴位 TRA:transverse横断位 SAG:sagittal矢状位 COR:coronal冠状位 S:superior上 I:inferior下 A:anterior前 P:posterior后
front view前面观
back view(Rear view)后面观
后处理
FOV:field of view视野 RFOV:Rectangular field of view矩形视野 ROI:region of interest感兴趣区 VOI:volume of interest感兴趣容积 VR:volume rendering technique容积再现技术(差点直译为volume reproduce) MIP:maximum intensity projection最大强度投影 mIP:minimum intensity projection最小密度投影 CPR:curved planar reformation曲面重组 MPR:multiple planar reconstruction多平面重组 SSD:surface shaded display表面遮盖显示 CTVE:CT virtual endoscopy CT仿真内窥镜
其他
ISI:imaging system interface磁共振同步造影成像系统接口(由西门子医疗和拜耳联合研发的用于连接磁共振设备和高压注射器的同步造影成像系统) CNR:contrast to noise ratio对比噪声比 SNR:signal to noise ratio信噪比 SAR:specific absorption ratio特异性吸收率 ECG:electrocardiogram传统心电图 VCG:Vectorcardiogram心电向量图 PG:PeripheralGating外周门控(指脉) BPM:beats per minute每分钟心跳次数
Temporal resolution时间分辨率
Spatial resolution空间分辨率
会议
CMDA:Chinese Medical Association中华医学会 CCR:Chinese Congress of Radiology中华放射学大会 ECR:European Congress of Radiology欧洲国际放射学大会 RSNA:Radiological Society of North America北美放射学会 ACR:American College of Radiology美国放射学会